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Sir William Oliphant (died 1329), Lord of Aberdalgie and Dupplin,〔There is confusion between two Sir William Oliphants, both cousins, who fought together "and it is not possible to discriminate between their respective actions with certainty." See Scots Peerage, VI, 531.〕 was a Scottish magnate, knight and leader during the Wars of Scottish Independence. ==Life== Oliphant fought at the Battle of Dunbar in 1296, where the Scots, under their king John Balliol, were defeated by the invading English.〔Archibald Hamilton Dunbar, ''Scottish kings: a revised chronology of Scottish history, 1005-1625'', Second Edition (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1906), p. 116〕 Following the battle he was captured and taken to Rochester Castle in England where he was imprisoned.〔''The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland'', Vol. VI, Ed. James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), p. 533〕 He was released after agreeing to serve King Edward I of England overseas.〔 He returned to Scotland where he was second in command of Stirling Castle under his cousin of the same name, Sir William Oliphant.〔In the list of defenders his cousin is called ''Domini Williellmus Olyfard'' (William Oliphant ) while he is listed secondly as ''Willielmus de Dupplyn, milites'' (of Dupplin, knight ). See John Donald Carrick, ''Life of Sir William Wallace of Elderslie'', Volume 2 (Edinburgh: Constable & Co., 1830), p. 137.〕〔Alexander Hastie Millar, ''The historical castles and mansions of Scotland: Perthshire and Forfarshire'' (London: Alexander Gardner, 1890), p. 127〕 During the siege of 1304, when the castle was attacked by the forces of Edward I of England, the garrison eventually surrendered to the English.〔Ronald McNair Scott, ''Robert the Bruce, King of Scots'' (New York: Carrol & Graf Publishers, Inc., 1992), p. 64〕 He was captured once again, this time being imprisoned at Wallingford Castle〔 while his cousin the commander was imprisoned in the Tower of London.〔''The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland'', Vol. VI, Ed. James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), p. 532〕 In this same year all of Scotland with the exception of William Wallace had sworn fealty to Edward I.〔''John of Fordun's Chronicle of the Scottish Nation'', Ed. William F. Skene (Edinburgh: Edmonston and Douglas, 1872), p. 329〕 For 110 shillings, as "William Olyfaunt, Knight",〔This is the first modern use of the name found in any records and he may have adopted this spelling to distinguish himself from his cousin or his father, both named William. See Scots Peerage, VI, 533 n. 9.〕 he was bonded by Hugh le Despenser, the elder and remained in England until 1313.〔 He had a safe conduct to return to Scotland on 21 October of that year and was a witness to a charter of King Robert the Bruce in February of 1314-15.〔''The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland'', Vol. VI, Ed. James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), pp. 533-4〕 He was one of the signatories to the Declaration of Arbroath on 6 April 1320 and his seal is still visible.〔The seal, three crescents, Gules, is the earliest known example of the Oliphant arms and dates from the declaration.〕〔Bruce A. McAndrew, ''Scotland's Historic Heraldry'' (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2006). p. 144〕 Sir William's tomb is in Aberdalgie Churchyard, in Perthshire, within the site of the original church. The effigy is made from "Tournai marble" from northern France or Flanders.〔John Gifford, ''Perth and Kinross: The Buildings of Scotland'' (New Haven & London: The Yale University Press, 2007), p. 134〕 He left his estates to his son Walter. These included Dupplin, Hedderwick and Cranshaws which he inherited from his Oliphant predecessors; Aberdalgie, Turin, Glensaugh, Pitkerie and Gallery which apparently came into the family from a Wishart heiress; Gasknes, Newtyle, Kinpurnie, Auchtertyre, Balcrais, Muirhouse and Hazelhead acquired as gifts from the King.〔''The Scots Peerage, Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Robert Douglas's Peerage of Scotland'', Vol. VI, Ed. James Balfour Paul (Edinburgh: David Douglas, 1909), p. 534〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William Oliphant, Lord of Aberdalgie」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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